经济学人精读节选100篇On thin ice 如履薄冰-366外刊社

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经济学人精读节选100篇On thin ice 如履薄冰

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本期选文来源：The Economist|June 8th 2024 ，需要经济学人原版PDF|全文中英翻译|MP3|大家下拉至文末下载|也可以自助开通本站会员后加入专属QQ社群或下拉至文末获取全文文档PDF中英翻译PDF,MOBI,EPUB,AZW3,MP3🎵等多种格式。

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经济学人精读节选100篇Zany ideas to slow polar melting are gathering momentum 减缓极地融化的滑稽想法正在蓄势待发

【1】Giant curtains to keep warm water away from glaciers strike some as too risky GLOBALLY, SEA levels have risen by somewhere between 21cm and 24cm since 1880. Most of this rise is a consequence of water physically expanding as it warms, but in recent decades meltwater flowing off Greenland and Antarctica has significantly contributed too.

单词解析：consequence：n. 后果；结果；重要性

例句：In consequence he lost his place.
结果，他失去了他的位置。

巨大的窗帘使温水远离冰川，这让一些人觉得风险太大了，自1880年以来，全球海平面上升了21厘米至24厘米。这种上升大部分是水在变暖时物理膨胀的结果，但近几十年来，从格陵兰岛和南极洲流出的融水也做出了重大贡献。

【2】These rises in sea levels threaten coastal properties and the livelihoods and lifestyles of coastal communities, as well as the very existence of low-lying countries. Rising seas not only erode or flood land, they also let destructive storms reach ever farther inland. As melting polar ice becomes an ever more important contributor to sea-level rise, some have begun to embrace the notion that it could be slowed by technological means ranging from underwater curtains to ice-thickening pumps.

单词解析：livelihoods：n.生计；赚钱謀生的手段

例句：She earned her livelihood by teaching.
她以教书为生。

海平面的上升威胁着沿海财产、沿海社区的生计和生活方式，也威胁到低洼国家的生存。海平面上升不仅侵蚀或淹没了陆地，还让破坏性的风暴到达更远的内陆。随着极地冰层融化成为海平面上升的一个越来越重要的因素，一些人开始接受这样一种观念，即可以通过从水下幕布到冰层增稠泵等技术手段来减缓海平面上升。

【3】Climate science has been here before. For years the field has been divided over the promise and pitfalls of solar geoengineering schemes, environmental modifications that seek to reduce the impact of climate-warming solar radiation. The most controversial methods involve spraying mists of particles into the stratosphere, which would reflect some of the sun’s energy back out into space and cool the planet. Proponents say these could help buy time to decarbonise without the world suffering the worst consequences of climate change. Critics say they are too risky. The arguments can become acrimonious. These battles are now spilling over onto the ice.

单词解析：acrimonious：adj.尖刻的；激烈的；讥讽的

例句：His parents went through an acrimonious divorce.
他的父母在激烈争吵中离了婚。

气候科学以前就已经出现过。多年来，该领域一直对太阳能地球工程计划的前景和陷阱存在分歧，这些计划旨在减少气候变暖的太阳辐射的影响。最具争议的方法包括将颗粒雾喷入平流层，这将把一些太阳的能量反射回太空并冷却地球。支持者表示，这些可以帮助争取时间去碳化，而不会让世界遭受气候变化的最严重后果。批评者说他们风险太大。争论可能会变得激烈。这些战斗现在正在蔓延到冰面上。

【4】In December 2023 Ken Mankoff, a climate scientist at NASA,organised a workshop on polar geoengineering at a large science conference. Though he was warned that doing so would start a “civil war” in the field, he feels there is much more agreement than disagreement among polar scientists: no matter their position on geoengineering, all are concerned that the effects of climate change are far outpacing efforts to slow or halt them. Given the urgency, it is no surprise that fresh ideas are attracting interest.

单词解析：geoengineering：n.地球工程；气候工程

例句：An example of the former could be geoengineering.
地球工程就是一个先例。

2023 年 12 月，美国宇航局气候科学家肯·曼科夫（Ken Mankoff）在一次大型科学会议上组织了一场关于极地地球工程的研讨会。尽管他被警告说，这样做会在该领域引发一场“内战”，但他觉得极地科学家之间的共识远多于分歧：无论他们在地球工程方面的立场如何，所有人都担心气候变化的影响远远超过减缓或阻止它们的努力。鉴于紧迫性，新想法引起人们的兴趣也就不足为奇了。

【5】he proposed interventions take many forms. One prominent suggestion centres on outlet glaciers, vast frozen rivers which slowly shift ice off the land mass and out to the warmer waters of the sea. Several have been accelerating. Ice loss from Thwaites glacier in Antarctica, for instance, has doubled in 30 years, currently contributing 4% of the 3.5mm of global annual sea-level rise. Glaciologists are worried it could eventually collapse, raising sea levels around the world by 65cm. Warm water is melting the ice’s marine edge from below, eroding its “grounding line”, where it grips onto the bedrock for stability. Some are, therefore, proposing enormous underwater curtains be installed to keep warming currents away from the ice’s edge.

单词解析：bedrock ：n.基岩(松软的沙、土层下的岩石)；基本原则；牢固基础；基本事实

例句：It took five years to drill down to bedrock.
耗时五年才钻到了基岩。

拟议的干预措施有多种形式。一个突出的建议集中在出口冰川上，即巨大的冰冻河流，它们慢慢地将冰从陆地上转移到温暖的海水中。一些人一直在加速。例如，南极洲斯韦特冰川的冰损失在30年内翻了一番，目前占全球海平面年上升3.5毫米的4%。冰川学家担心它最终可能会崩溃，使世界各地的海平面上升65厘米。温暖的海水正在从下方融化冰的海洋边缘，侵蚀其“接地线”，在那里它抓住基岩以保持稳定。因此，一些人提议安装巨大的水下帷幕，以使温暖的水流远离冰的边缘。

【6】No one can say yet what such curtains would be made of, how they would be secured, or how to stop them interfering with other vital local ecosystem services. Currents at Antarctica’s margins drive an important nutrient pump that feeds entire marine food chains farther afield. It is also possible that keeping one glacier cool would simply speed up the melting of its neighbours. To try to get some answers, scientists at the University of Cambridge’s Centre for Climate Repair are carrying out experiments in tanks and are planning outdoor trials in a local waterway.

单词解析：nutrient：n.营养素；营养物adj.滋养的

例句：The nutrient is quickly leached away.
养分很快就被滤掉了。

没有人能说出这些窗帘是由什么制成的，如何保护它们，或者如何阻止它们干扰其他重要的当地生态系统服务。南极洲边缘的洋流驱动着一个重要的营养泵，为更远的整个海洋食物链提供食物。也有可能让一个冰川保持凉爽只会加速其邻近冰川的融化。为了试图得到一些答案，剑桥大学气候修复中心的科学家们正在水箱中进行实验，并计划在当地水道进行户外试验。

【7】Another prominent idea involves drilling boreholes through vertical kilometres of ice to siphon off water from the ice sheets’ base. The concept is straightforward: when a huge mass of ice sits on a bed of rock, the combined pressures and temperatures liquefy a thin layer of water at the interface of the rock and ice that helps the ice slide away. Removing this lubrication should help keep the ice in place.

单词解析：vertical：adj.垂直的；纵向的；竖的；直立的n.垂直线；垂直位置

例句：The wall is several degrees off the vertical.
这堵墙倾斜了有好几度。

另一个突出的想法是在垂直数公里的冰层上钻井，以从冰盖底部抽走水。这个概念很简单：当一大块冰块位于岩石床上时，压力和温度的综合作用会在岩石和冰的界面上液化一层薄薄的水，帮助冰滑走。去除这种润滑剂应该有助于将冰保持在适当的位置。

【8】For a long time such ideas—and others, including holding outlet glaciers in place with physical barriers, as well as thickening vulnerable sea ice by pumping seawater on top of it and freezing it in place—were seen mainly as science fiction. But they are gaining momentum. Dr Mankoff’s workshop was one of three held between October and December to discuss polar geoengineering; a fourth was held earlier this year. More are planned, and several research papers are in the works.

单词解析：fiction：n. 小说；虚构的事；假想之物记忆fict 做,制作 + -ion 某种物,用品

例句：It’s important to distinguish fact from fiction.
区别真实和虚构是重要的。

在很长一段时间里，这些想法——以及其他想法，包括用物理屏障将出口冰川固定在适当的位置，以及通过将海水抽到上面并冻结在原地来加厚脆弱的海冰——主要被视为科幻小说。但他们正在获得动力。Mankoff博士的研讨会是10月至12月期间举行的三个讨论极地地球工程的研讨会之一;第四次会议于今年早些时候举行。更多的计划正在计划中，几篇研究论文正在撰写中。

【9】Yet opposition is growing. Martin Siegert, a climate scientist at Imperial College London, calls the whole discussion “absolutely insane”. “It came up years ago and many of us just ignored it. We thought ‘It’s not going to happen, so just don’t spend any time thinking about it.’” He and others have been taken aback by how much attention the proposals have attracted since the beginning of the year, and feel the time has come to challenge them.

单词解析：Imperial College London：伦敦帝国理工学院

例句：In the top10, other than Cambridge and Oxford, the only non-US university is Imperial College London, in ninth.
除了剑桥和牛津，十强中唯一非美国的是位居第九的伦敦大学帝国理工学院。

然而，反对的声音却越来越大。伦敦帝国理工学院（Imperial College London）的气候科学家马丁·西格特（Martin Siegert）称整个讨论“绝对疯狂”。“它几年前就出现了，我们中的许多人都忽略了它。我们想’这不会发生，所以不要花时间去想它。自今年年初以来，他和其他人对这些提案吸引了如此多的关注感到惊讶，并认为现在是挑战它们的时候了。

长难句分析：

1）原文：He and others have been taken aback by how much attention the proposals have attracted since the beginning of the year, and feel the time has come to challenge them.

2）解析：

He and others have been taken [aback] [by {how much attention the proposals have attracted [since the beginning (of the year)]（状语）}], and feel | the time has come to challenge them.（不定式）

2）句子语法结构详解：

* taken 为谓语，采用现在完成时和被动语态。
* how 为连接副词，引导宾语从句。
* attracted 为谓语，采用现在完成时。
* feel 为谓语。
* 第4个 the 开头为宾语从句，引导词 that 被省略。
* come 为谓语，采用现在完成时。
* to challenge 为不定式，作状语。
* he 为人称代词主格。them 为人称代词宾格。other 为不定代词。have, been, has 为助动词。the 为定冠词。