经济学人精读节选100篇Not so Jolly Rogers不是那么乔利·罗杰斯-366外刊社

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经济学人精读节选100篇Not so Jolly Rogers不是那么乔利·罗杰斯

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本期选文来源：The Economist|June 8th 2024 ，需要经济学人原版PDF|全文中英翻译|MP3|大家下拉至文末下载|也可以自助开通本站会员后加入专属QQ社群或下拉至文末获取全文文档PDF中英翻译PDF,MOBI,EPUB,AZW3,MP3🎵等多种格式。

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经济学人精读节选100篇Not so Jolly Rogers不是那么乔利·罗杰斯插图2

经济学人精读节选100篇Forget Jack Sparrow and Captain Hook. Piracy is far more fearsome忘掉杰克·斯派洛和胡克船长吧。盗版要可怕得多

【导读】A riveting new history of aquatic ambushes, from the 1600s to today从 1600 年代到今天的引人入胜的水生伏击新历史。

【1】Enemies of All: The Rise and Fall of the Pirates. By Richard Blakemore. The History Press; 336 pages; £25. To be published in America by Pegasus in August as “The Rise and Fall of the Golden Age of Piracy”; $29.95

单词解析：Pirates：海盗；【电影】海贼八幡船

例句：Let’s play pirates.
咱们假扮海盗玩吧！

所有人的敌人：海盗的兴衰。理查德·布莱克莫尔（Richard Blakemore）着。历史出版社;336 页;25英镑。将于8月由Pegasus在美国出版，名为《海盗黄金时代的兴衰》;售价$29.95

【2】THE VERY word “pirate” has a cheery ring. It evokes wooden legs, eyepatches, coins and cutlasses, as well as the likes of Francis Drake, William Kidd, Blackbeard and Henry Morgan. Children’s and adult fantasy is pirate-packed, from Captain Hook in “Peter Pan” to Johnny Depp’s swashbuckling turn as Jack Sparrow in the “Pirates of the Caribbean” films. In Gilbert and Sullivan’s “The Pirates of Penzance”, an opera, the obliging pirates release any captives claiming to be orphans.

单词解析：swashbuckling：adj.表现惊险打斗的；有传奇历险情节的 n.虚张声势；神气活现；吹嘘

例句：Will you play it safe, or will you be a little bit swashbuckling?
你们想要波澜不惊，还是想要搏击风浪？

“海盗”这个词有一个欢快的戒指。它让人想起木腿、眼罩、硬币和弯刀，以及弗朗西斯·德雷克、威廉·基德、黑胡子和亨利·摩根等人。从《彼得潘》中的胡克船长到约翰尼·德普在《加勒比海盗》电影中饰演杰克·斯派洛的虚张声势，儿童和成人的幻想都充满了海盗。在吉尔伯特和沙利文的歌剧《彭赞斯海盗》中，义务海盗释放了任何自称是孤儿的俘虏。

【3】The reality is more sordid than that, as Richard Blakemore, a lecturer at the University of Reading, argues in a new book. Labels like “buccaneer”, “corsair” or “privateer” sound even more romantic than “pirate”. So those practising piracy used them. This is not just a question of etymology. In the early part of the golden era of piracy—from roughly the late 17th to the early 18th centuries—pirates under respectable labels often had at least the tacit approval of monarchs and states.

单词解析：lecturer：n.(尤指英国大学的)讲师；讲演者；讲课者；讲授者

例句：He’s a lecturer in French at Oxford.
他是牛津大学的法语讲师。

现实比这更肮脏，正如雷丁大学讲师理查德·布莱克莫尔（Richard Blakemore）在一本新书中所说。像“海盗”、“海盗”或“私掠者”这样的标签听起来比“海盗”更浪漫。所以那些从事盗版活动的人使用了它们。这不仅仅是词源学的问题。在海盗黄金时代的早期——大约从17世纪末到18世纪初——海盗在受人尊敬的标签下往往至少得到了君主和国家的默许。

【4】Piracy itself is as old as seamanship. But in the author’s telling, it took off after the European discovery of the Americas. The gold, silver and slaves brought back by Portuguese and Spanish ships proved irresistible targets. As well as the lure of booty came the knowledge that, in frequent times of war, pirates were inflicting damage on a sovereign’s opponents. Hence the search for vaguely written official “commissions”, documents that created a veneer of government endorsement for privateering against a state’s declared enemies. Many well-known pirates forswore attacks on ships flying their own national flags.

单词解析： seamanship：n.航海术；船舶驾驶术

例句：He lacks of seamanship.他缺乏船艺知识。

海盗本身与航海技术一样古老。但在作者的讲述中，它是在欧洲人发现美洲之后起飞的。葡萄牙和西班牙船只带回的黄金、白银和奴隶被证明是不可抗拒的目标。除了战利品的诱惑之外，人们还知道，在战争频繁的时候，海盗正在对君主的对手造成伤害。因此，人们开始寻找写得含糊不清的官方“委员会”，这些文件为政府对一个国家宣布的敌人进行私掠活动披上了一层厚厚的外衣。许多著名的海盗发誓放弃袭击悬挂自己国旗的船只。

【5】None of this made their acts of piracy any less bestial. British, Dutch and French pirates, often based outside legally constituted colonies, such as off the Azores or on the island of Tortuga near Haiti, lay in wait for Iberian fleets before attacking them. They would raid newly established forts and settlements on the American mainland. No quarter was given: those sailing on captured ships were tortured to reveal where treasure was; slaves were tossed overboard or sold; any women found were treated as mere spoils of battle.

单词解析：treasure：n.财富；珍宝；宝物；珍品；珠宝；金银财宝；备受宠爱(或器重)的人；极贵重的物品；心肝宝贝儿 vt.珍藏；珍视；珍爱；珍重

例句：He amassed great treasure.
他积累了大量的金银财宝。

这些都没有使他们的海盗行为变得不那么野蛮。英国、荷兰和法国的海盗通常驻扎在合法殖民地之外，例如亚速尔群岛附近或海地附近的托尔图加岛，在攻击伊比利亚舰队之前等待他们。他们将袭击美国大陆上新建立的堡垒和定居点。没有四分之一：那些在被俘船只上航行的人受到酷刑，以揭示宝藏在哪里;奴隶被扔到海里或被卖掉;任何被发现的妇女都被视为战利品。

【6】As the flow of bullion from Latin America started to dry up, pirates looked elsewhere, often following shipping routes. Some sought to ingratiate themselves with colonial authorities: after making a fortune as a privateer, Henry Morgan (who became the namesake of Captain Morgan rum) even served as lieutenant-governor of Jamaica. As its wealth increased, the North American seaboard became a target, with pirates operating out of the Bahamas. Another hunting ground was the Indian Ocean. Mr Blakemore includes a harrowing account of how pirates flying English flags captured a ship bringing Muslim pilgrims back to India. For days the buccaneers pillaged the ship, tortured victims and raped the female passengers, plundering loot worth some 5m rupees (over £500,000, or $635,000, at the time).

单词解析：pilgrim：n.香客；朝觐者；朝圣的人；清教徒前辈移民(1620年乘五月花号赴美洲，在马萨诸塞建立英国殖民地) v.去朝圣；漫游（pilgrim 的三单形式）

例句：The pilgrims tolled the bell.
朝圣者缓缓敲响了钟。

随着来自拉丁美洲的金银开始枯竭，海盗们经常沿着航线寻找其他地方。一些人试图讨好殖民当局：在作为私掠者发家致富后，亨利·摩根（后来成为摩根上尉朗姆酒的同名）甚至担任牙买加副总督。随着财富的增加，北美沿海成为目标，海盗在巴哈马境外活动。另一个狩猎场是印度洋。布莱克莫尔先生讲述了悬挂英国国旗的海盗如何俘虏了一艘将穆斯林朝圣者带回印度的船只。几天来，海盗们抢劫了这艘船，折磨受害者并强奸了女乘客，掠夺了价值约500万卢比（当时超过50万英镑，约合63.5万美元）的战利品。

【7】As shipping and colonial ambitions shifted, piracy moved too: to the Pacific, to the Barbary Coast of north Africa and indeed to anywhere suitable for plundering. But by the early 18th century, European states had lost patience with these vicious criminals. State-built navies started tackling pirate ships in their lairs.

单词解析：plundering：v.(尤指战乱时用武力) 抢劫，掠夺

例句：The conquerors crossed the country, plundering as they went.
征服者穿过乡村，一路掠夺。

随着航运和殖民野心的转移，海盗活动也转移到了太平洋，北非的巴巴里海岸，甚至任何适合掠夺的地方。但到了18世纪初，欧洲国家对这些恶毒的罪犯失去了耐心。国有海军开始对付巢穴中的海盗船。

【8】This coincided with the publication 300 years ago of “A General History of the Pyrates”, a book that sold so well that it had four editions and many translations. Mr Blakemore draws on the book extensively, as did Robert Louis Stevensonfor “Treasure Island” and J.M. Barrie for “Peter Pan”. Its most intriguing characters were two female pirate leaders, Anne Bonny and Mary Read, who fooled many of their crews into believing they were men and were later rumoured to have been lovers.

单词解析：rumoured：v.据传闻;据说

例句：It has been so rumoured here.
此间已有传闻。

这与 300 年前出版的《皮拉底通史》相吻合，这本书卖得非常好，有四个版本和许多翻译。布莱克莫尔先生广泛借鉴了这本书，罗伯特·路易斯·史蒂文森（Robert Louis Stevenson）的《金银岛》（Treasure Island）和J.M.巴里（J.M. Barrie）的《彼得潘》（Peter Pan）也是如此。它最有趣的角色是两位女海盗头目，安妮·邦尼和玛丽·里德，她们愚弄了许多船员，让他们相信他们是男人，后来有传言说他们是恋人。

【9】Piracy continues even today. The author closes his story not just with reflections on the inaccuracies of Hollywood’s romantic portrayal of pirates, but also with a look at those still operating, including off Somalia. Nowadays profits come more from ransoming ships and crewsthan from plunder and rape. But the evil of these aquatic enemies persists all the same.

单词解析：portrayal：n.描绘；描述；描写；展现方式

例句：His portrayal of the character is vivid and true to life.
这个人物叫他写活了。

直到今天，盗版活动仍在继续。作者在故事的结尾不仅反思了好莱坞对海盗的浪漫描绘的不准确之处，还审视了那些仍在活动的海盗，包括索马里海域的海盗。如今，利润更多地来自赎金船只和船员，而不是掠夺和强奸。但这些水生敌人的邪恶仍然存在。

长难句分析：

1）原文：As the flow of bullion from Latin America started to dry up, pirates looked elsewhere, often following shipping routes.

2）解析：

As the flow (of bullion (from Latin America)) started to dry up, || pirates looked [elsewhere], often following shipping routes.

2）句子语法结构详解：

* as 为连词，引导状语从句。
* started 为谓语，采用一般过去时。
* to dry 为不定式，作宾语。
* pirates 开头为陈述句。
* looked 为谓语，采用一般过去时。
* often following 为现在分词，作状语。
* shipping 为动名词。
* the 为定冠词。