经济学人精读节选100篇Pssst! Want to read something about rumour and innuendo? 嘘!想读一些关于谣言和影射的文章吗？

经济学人精读节选100篇Pssst! Want to read something about rumour and innuendo?

嘘!想读一些关于谣言和影射的文章吗？

本期选文来源：The Economist|June 8th 2024 ，需要经济学人原版PDF|全文中英翻译|MP3|大家下拉至文末下载|也可以自助开通本站会员后加入专属QQ社群或下拉至文末获取全文文档PDF中英翻译PDF,MOBI,EPUB,AZW3,MP3🎵等多种格式。

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经济学人精读节选100篇Pssst! Want to read something about rumour and innuendo?

嘘!想读一些关于谣言和影射的文章吗？

【目标原文📄】：

职场中到处都是八卦，声誉在一定程度上是通过八卦塑造的，知道这一点，就可以对不良行为进行威慑。如果有人经常偷懒把工作留给别人做，人们很有可能将这个信息传达给即将与这个废物共事的人。

【你的翻译👨‍🎓】:

The workplace is full of gossip.Reputations are partly shaped bygossip, and knowing this can bea threat to bad behaviour.lf someone was constantlybeing lazy and leaving work for others to do, peoplewould possibly pass this information to a person whowas going to work with this useless colleague.

 

【外刊翻译🧙】：

Gossip pervades the workplaceThe knowledge that reputationsare partly forged through gossipcan act as a deterrent to bad behaviour.lf someonewas constantly slacking off and leaving others to do thework, people were likely to pass that information on toa person who was going to work with thisgood-for-nothing.

 

【外刊写法|句型解析💡】：

声誉在一定程度上是通过八卦塑造的，知道这一点，就可以对不良行为进行威慑。
Reputations are partly shaped by gossip, and knowing this can be athreat to bad behaviour.
>The knowledge that reputations are partly forged through gossipcan act as a deterrent to bad behaviour.

同位语从句的运用：
外刊作者此处使用了同位语从句。The knowledge叫本位语，that reputations……through gossip是同位语从句，详细说明 knowledge的具体内容。
所谓“同位”，即本位语和后方从句在句子中充当同一种成分，此处The knowledge和that-从句均是主语。
像这样后方有提及前方内容的表述，可考虑使用同位语从句，如:

(没有人是绝对正确的，这个说法有充分的依据。)
No one was infallible, and this saying is well-founded.

>The belief that no one was infallible is well-founded

(他已道歉，但她认为这是没用的。)

He had apologized, but she thought it was useless

>The fact that he had apologized counted for nothing with her.

在上述例句中，that从句都是详细说明他们前方的本位词(belief，fact)的同位语从句。

常见的本位词一般都是可详细说明具体内容的抽象名词，例如:
1:fact belief news
truth report proof
problem notion

2:hope idea
doubt conviction
knowledge concern
thought
上面，2的本位词在中文表达习惯的通常体现为动词，正如外刊原文里的“知道↔knowledge”，因此我们在表述含有这类动词的句子时也可考虑使用同位语从句:
(他会克服一切困难，对此我并不感到怀疑。)
He will overcome all these difficulties, and l never doubt that

>I have no doubt that he will overcome all these difficulties
(生活中最大的幸福就是坚信有人爱我们。)
The supreme happiness of life is that we should believe we areloved.
>The superior happiness of life is the conviction that we areloved.

人们很有可能将这个信息传达给即将与这个废物共事的人。
people would possibly pass this information to a person who wasgoing to work with this useless colleague.
>people were likely to pass that information on to a person whowas going to work with this good-for-nothing.
●表达“可能”的句式
表达“可能”所用到的词汇大致包含以下几个:likely,probable(probably),perhaps,maybe, may,might,possible(possibly)等。按可能性程度划分，他们分为三组。
可能性接近百分百，相当于中文的“十有八九”likely, probable(probably)
Tickets are likely to be expensive.
(入场券十有八九很贵。)
They aren’t likely to arrive this side of midnight.
= They are unlikely to arrive this side of midnight!
=They hardly likely to arrive this side of midnight
(午夜之前他们十有八九是赶不到了。)
由上述例句可以看出likely虽是l结尾，但它是形容词，用法与普通形容词一致:否定形式在be动词处否定，或用它的反义词unlikely，或加入hardly。

The tree is probably over a hundred years old.
=It is probable that the tree is over a hundred years old.
(这棵树十有八九是百年大树。)
The driver was probably taking a pee.
= It is probable that the driver was taking a pee.
(司机十有八九是在解手。)
probably是标准的副词，若用它的形容词形式probable，一般使用It is probable that句型
Likely和 probably表示的可能性概率一致，但意思上有细微差别。probably只表达中立的推测，likely则含有说话人的预期结果(expected outcome):
Tickets are likely to be expensive.
(*说话人希望别那么贵。)
They aren’t likely to arrive this side ofmidnight.
(*说话人希望午夜前到。)
可能性约为 50%，相当于中文的“一半一半”,“五五开”:perhaps,maybe,may
Perhaps he has grown wiser with age.
(*可理解为他变得睿智的原因 50%是年龄增长，50%是其他。)think perhaps we should go indoors.
(*这是礼貌语，给听话人go indoors或stay outside两种选择。)

Tax cuts may unbalance the budget.
(*可理解为:减税引起预算失衡的概率是50%)
May l speak off the record?
(我可以私下里说吗?*这也是礼貌语，留给听话人拒绝的空间。)
“Will she come to my birthday party?”-“Maybe.
(*表示来 party的几率是 50%。)
Maybe they’ve just gone shopping
(*可理解为:他们不在家的原因50%去shopping，50%是其他。)
这三个词的区别在于:①按正式程度划分，perhaps最正式，may兼容正式与非正式，maybe比较口语化。②按词法划分，perhaps和maybe都是副词，但它没有普通副词位置那么灵活，通常置于句首(主句句首或从句句首)或单独成一句。may则是情态动词，与can，must它们的用法一样。
表示较小的可能性:might，possible(possibly)
You never know, l might get lucky.
(*可理解为:get lucky的概率其实很小。)
Mightlmake asuggestion?
(*might是may的委婉语，语气很弱，相当于“弱弱问一句，我可以提出个建议吗?”)
They were casuallydressed: possibly students
They were casually dressed; lt is possible that they arestudents.

(他们穿着随意，可能是学生。*可理解为这个结论是说话人随意推理的，把握不大。)
*注意possible与 probable-样，也使用lt is possiblethat句型。
学生习作里使用的是people would possibly pass..,但由于“把某个八卦信息传达出去”是职场中非常有可能发生的事情，因此用possibly并不合适。而“传播八卦”其实又带着expectedoutcome:人们希望八卦被传播出去以达到威慑作用，所以用people were likely topass……最合适。

Biases against educational backqround still pervade many placeson the Internet.
(网络上对于学历的歧视仍然屡见不鲜。)
这里使用 pervade体现了八卦的“传播”性。(可结合invade进行记忆)
声誉在一定程度上是通过八卦塑造的，知道这一点，就可以对不良行为进行威慑。
Reputations are partly shaped by gossip, and knowing this can be a threat to bad behaviour.
The knowledge that reputations are partly forged through gossipcan act as a deterrent to bad behaviour.
●塑造 shape >forge
forge的原意是“锻造”(create by hammering)，例如:
Bronze objects can be melt down and forged into coins(青铜制品可以被熔化并锻造成硬币。)
他的衍生意是“塑造一个坚固的事物”，例如:
They forged a lead in the first 30 minutes of the game.
可理解为:他们的领先优势已经很难反超了。
Russia was the first country to forge a new economic systemunder the banner of Marxism.

(*可理解为:苏联这个新经济体制建立得非常稳固。)
外刊原文的“塑造”使用forge，意在表明人在职场上的声誉，一旦通过八卦形成后就很难再改变。而这种“难以洗白”的职场印象使后面所提到的“八卦对不良行为的威慑性这个观点更具有说服力。
●进行威慑 be a threat >as a deterrent
be与 act as的区别在于:act as 强调一种“非平常的，较为特殊”的情况，看以下例句:
Last summer she acted as a quide for tourists
(*说明她平常的身份不是导游。)
This coin may act as a screwdriver.
(*描述硬币的特殊用途:螺丝起子。)
外刊作者此处使用 act as，意在表述gossip存在一个比较特殊的功能–用于威慑。
threat与 deterrent的区别，正如他们的中文意思，前者是“威胁”，后者是“威慑”。threat强调“潜在的危险”deterrent强调“阻止某种行动”，对比:
The threat ofnuclear escalation remains.
(*强调核升级有可能带来安全隐患。)

This is one of four submarines which make up the UK’s nuclealdeterrent.
(*强调这些军事设备作为核威慑的武器，是用来防御侵略的。)
deterrent含有词根ter-(恐吓的)，可用terrible，terrorism辅助记忆。这个词常出现在比较官方的场合，例如:
Capital punishment(死刑)
Nuclear(核武器)
Military exercise(军事演习)
以上都可视为一种deterrent
The freeze on bank accounts(冻结银行账户)
如果有人经常偷懒，把工作留给别人做，人们很有可能将这个信息传达给即将与这个废物共事的人。
If someone was constantly being lazy and leaving work for others tcdo, people would possibly pass this information to a person whowas going to work with this useless colleague.
>If someone was constantly slacking off and leaving others to dothe work, people were likely to pass that information on to a personwho was going to work with this good-for-nothing.
●偷懒 be lazy > slack off.
slack是形容词，实意是“松掉的”，抽象意义是“散漫的”

The rope suddenly went slack.
(绳子突然松了。)
Discipline in the classroom is very slack.
(班里纪律十分散漫。)
slack off中slack转换成了动词(类似narrow→narrowdown，warm→warm up)，但作为动词的意思与原意几乎相等:
Slack off those ropes there, there’s a storm coming!
(把那里的绳索放松，风暴就要来了!)
Without stress, you may slack off and idle away your time(没有压力，你会懈怠和消磨你的时间。)
●传达给 pass to → pass on to
pass on to 表示“先接收，再传递”，例如:
John passed the book to Mary.
Mary passed it on to Laura.
外刊原文使用 pass on to，表述人们先获取八卦，然后传递表接续。出去。这里的on与keepon，goon中的on一样，:*pass on to还可表示先完成，再传递，

例如:
Pass the salt to me.(= Give it to me.)

Pass on the salt to me.(= Give it to me when you have finishedwith it. )

废物:useless colleague >good-for-nothinggood-for-nothing叫做含连字符的复合名词，他们通常是通过短语转化过来的。

动词短语:
checkin(办理登机/入住手续)
pick me up(来接我)
stick in the mud(陷在泥里)
Check-in(办理手续处)
pick-me-up(提神饮料)
stick-in-the-mud(固执已见的人)
形容词短语:
hard to reach(难以触及)
ready to wear(待穿)
free for all(对全员开放)
hard-to-reach(难以触及的地方)
ready-to-wear 成衣

free-for-all自由参加的活动有时也可以是句子

You know who(你知道某人)

You-know-who(神秘人)

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海报 链接